The use of molecular beam epitaxy and physical vapor deposition methods can control the preparation of metal/oxide model catalysts with specific structure and order in situ, and use synchrotron radiation to investigate the chemical composition, electronic structure, element valence, and surface Thermal stability, changes in the surface structure before and after the catalytic reaction, as well as the adsorption state, adsorption type (chemical adsorption or physical adsorption), adsorption position of the reaction molecule on the surface, etc., to detect the way in which the surface adsorption or reaction intermediates and molecules react and many more. Through the above research, it provides theoretical basis and technical guidance for the "bottom-up" design of new high-efficiency catalysts.